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The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is a
long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and
built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has
been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since the 1950s. The bomber
is capable of carrying up to 70,000 pounds (32,000 kg) of weapons,[5]
and has a typical combat range of more than 8,800 miles (14,080 km)
without aerial refueling.
Beginning with the successful contract bid in
June 1946, the B-52 design evolved from a straight wing aircraft powered by six
turboprop engines to the final prototype YB-52 with eight turbojet engines and
swept wings. The B-52 took its maiden flight in April 1952. Built to carry
nuclear weapons for Cold War-era deterrence missions, the B-52 Stratofortress
replaced the Convair B-36. A veteran of several wars, the B-52 has dropped only
conventional munitions in combat. The B-52's official name Stratofortress
is rarely used; informally, the aircraft has become commonly referred to as the
BUFF (Big Ugly Fat Fucker).
The B-52 has been in active service with the USAF
since 1955. As of 2012, 85 were in active service with nine in reserve. The
bombers flew under the Strategic Air Command (SAC) until it was disestablished
in 1992 and its aircraft absorbed into the Air Combat Command (ACC); in 2010
all B-52 Stratofortresses were transferred from the ACC to the newly created
Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).
Superior performance at high subsonic
speeds and relatively low operating costs have kept the B-52 in service despite
the advent of later, more advanced aircraft, including the canceled Mach 3 B-70
Valkyrie, the variable-geometry B-1 Lancer, and the stealth B-2 Spirit. The
B-52 completed sixty years of continuous service with its original operator in
2015. After being upgraded between 2013 and 2015, it is expected to serve into
the 2040s
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